Knives and
spears are popular
weapons in Borneo. They are used both for fighting
and for hunting.
The most common knife is the
long knife called a “parang”. The parang was first introduced to Borneo by
Chinese traders who called at the ports along the coast. The traders gave the
tribesmen parangs in exchange for wild pigs and birds. These same traders may have taught the Dayaks to make
parangs later on.
Parangs are made of iron. The
iron is beaten into the correct shape, and
the finished parang blade is usually three to four feet long. The “tang”
(or end) of this blade fits into a handle made
of wood or horn. The handle is then carved into
the shape of a snake or bird. A
sheath is made to hold the parang so the hunter will
not hurt himself accidentally. The sheath is also decorated with carvings and
is bound with rattan strips.
Other
knives used in Borneo include the small, curved “keris” of the Malays, the short, richly carved “dunggulok”
of the Muruts in Sabah, and the “barongs” of
the Bajau and Suluk tribes. Another
long knife is the “gayang”, used by the Kadazans. The gayang is a sacred
knife and is always used in religious ceremonies.
The Kadazan tribes were
probably the first in Borneo to make spears. They used their spears for hunting
animals and against their enemies. The first
spears were made of hard wood. The spearheads were sharpened over
slow-burning open fires.
When metal was introduced, the
tribesmen began making their spearheads of metal. The metal spearheads were
attached to long bamboo or wooden poles with
strips of rattan. Spears with metal heads were double-edged and very sharp. Sometimes the
tribesmen would put poison on the tip of the spear to kill an animal or an
enemy more quickly.
There were many ideas about the
magic of spears, and hunters were careful not to walk over their spears. If a
hunter stepped over his spear by mistake, he had to kill a chicken to satisfy
the spirit of the spear. The Dayaks believed that if this was not done, the
spear would lose its power. Before a hunting trip,
the hunters would gather special leaves from the jungle and burn them. They would place their spears over
the fire hoping that this would give the spears magical powers.
It is easy to see why knives
and spears are important in Borneo. Many of the tribesmen must hunt food for
themselves and their families, and they must be able to protect themselves from
wild animals and other enemies.